2^nd Annual Congress on Antibiotics, Bacterial Infections & Antimicrobial Resistance July 09-10, 2020 Geneva, Switzerland

Biography:

Muhammad Shafiq expected to complete his P.hD. in December, 2019 from Nanjing Agricultural University in Basic Veterinary Medicine under China Science Foundation in the project of “Antibiotic resistance in Livestock”. He has published more than many papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an active reviewer in many journals related to microbiolgy.

Abstract:

Currently, multidrug-resistant bacteria/E. coli is one of the emerging cause of high morbidity and mortality in human and animals. Combined antibiotics prove to be a relatively effective method to control such resistant strains. Despite its use was abandoned several decades ago, the polycationic peptide colistin has become the last hope to treat severe infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Thus, the development of colistin resistance may seriously compromise the efficacy of treatment. Moreover, colistin has high toxicity being dose dependent. Allicin is one of renowned active compound of garlic, which possesses significant antibacterial activity.This study aim to Allicin investigate synergistic activity of eugenol combined with colistin against a collection of clinical isolated Escherichia coli (E.coli) strains, and to evaluate potential interaction. A total of 226 E. coli isolates were subjected to minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) through microdilution method and 63 strains were chosen for fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) to determine the synergy and checkerboard assay, respectively. The results of a time-kill assay revealed that colistin combined with Allicin continuously eliminated colistin-resistant Escherichia coli. Images from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at 5 h postinoculation confirmed the killing effect of the combination. Our results demonstrated that Allicin exhibited synergistic effect with colistin and enhanced its antimicrobial activity. This might further contribute to the antibacterial actions against colistin-resistant E.coli strains.

Biography:

I am Olalekan Olanrewaju Bakare, a PhD degree post-graduate student of thirty four years old in the Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, South Africa. I was a research assistant at the Department of the school of Post-Graduate studies, rendering various forms of academic assistance to students pertaining to writing as well as proposal conceptualization and now serves under the same capacity at ResLife unit of the same University of the Western Cape. I have published journals in reputed journals with continued effort to be at forefront of academic research.

Abstract:

Pneumonia is the leading infectious cause of death among children under five years of age killing 2500 daily; research has also shown that mortality is also very high in the elderly. Several antibiotics which hitherto have been used in its therapy, lack specificity as they could not differentiate viral from bacterial type of the disease; these antibiotics also fail to establish a distinction between pneumonia and other associated diseases such as pulmonary tuberculosis and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). There is a growing consensus, globally, of an improved understanding of the use of new therapeutic agents which are produced in response to pneumonia infection for precision cure to completely overcome these aforementioned limitations. The aim of this research was to use novel antimicrobial peptides that would bind, with greater affinity, to pneumonia receptors for the differential therapy of bacterial and viral pneumonia using In silico approach. These antimicrobial peptides were identified using In silico mathematical algorithms, where their 3-D structures were predicted and docked against the pneumonia proteins. The result showed putative antimicrobials with potential anti-pneumonia properties under high sensitivity, accuracy and specificity to be used in a Point of Care therapy. The tendency of these peptides to detect pneumonia proteins with precision justifies their use for therapeutics, an attempt that would reduce the problems of indiscriminate overuse, toxicity due to wrong prescription, bacterial resistance, scarcity and high cost of existing pneumonia antibiotics.

Keywords: Antimicrobial peptides, drug, resistance, algorithms, bacterial, viral, proteins, receptors

Biography:

Nahla has completed her PhD Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany. Postdoctoral studies from University of the West of England, U.K. She is Research associate at Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, Qatar. She has published more than seven papers in the field of antibiotic resistance in reputed journals. Her research interests are multidisciplinary with emphasis on molecular diagnostic approaches, antimicrobial susceptibility & resistance, test of new natural antimicrobial agents. She is adopting the one health system approach by studding antimicrobial resistance in agriculture, environment and human.

Abstract:

countries. The development and spread of resistant bacteria have been linked to the misuse of antibiotics in human and animal populations. Moreover, the spread of resistance has been associated with the consumption of food contaminated with pathogenic and non-pathogenic resistant bacteria. There is limited information of antibiotic resistance contamination of raw chicken meat in Qatar. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of antibiotic resistance among local and imported chicken whole carcasses in Qatar. A total of 270 chicken carcasses locally-produced (chilled) and imported (chilled and frozen) were obtained from three different hypermarket stores in Qatar. A total of 216 Escherichia coli (E. coli) were isolated and subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing using disc diffusion method. Furthermore, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production was determined via double disc synergetic test. In addition, isolates harboring colistin resistant was determined using multiplex-PCR and DNA sequencing. Nearly 89% (192/216) of the isolates were resistant to at least one of the 18 antibiotics. In general, isolates from local and imported chicken carcasses showed relatively higher resistance to sulfamethoxazole (62%), tetracycline (59.7%), ampicillin and trimethoprim (52.3%), ciprofloxacin (47.7%), cephalothin, colistin (31.9%) and gentamicin (15.7%). On the other hand, less resistance was recorded against amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (6%), cefuroxime (6.9%), ceftriaxone (5.1%), nitrofurantoin (4.2%) and piperacillin/tazobactam (4.2%), cefepime (2.3%), meropenem (1.4%), ertapenem (0.9%), fosfomycin (1.8%), and amikacin (0.9%). Nine isolates (4.2%) were ESBL producers. Furthermore, 63.4% (137/216) were multidrug resistant (MDR). The percentage of MDR, ESBL producers, and colistin-resistant isolates were significantly higher among local chilled isolates compared to imported chilled and frozen chicken samples.  Our findings indicate high antibiotic resistant prevalence in chicken carcasses in Qatar, including ESBL, MDR and colistin resistance. Such resistant E. coli could potentially spread to humans through consumption of chicken meat. Development and implementation of a stewardship program to control and monitor the use of antibiotics in animal production locally and introduce testing of imported chicken for antibiotic resistance are needed in Qatar

Biography:

Presenting author detail

Full name: Xuan Zuo

Contact number: 00886966723792

Category: Oral presentation

Abstract:

Antibiotic resistance is a global healthcare issue that is a major factor in mortality worldwide. The development and spreading of resistance are facilitated by the misuse and overuse of antibiotics. This treat is especially severe in developing countries for many factors like lack of education, lack of government regulation, poverty, and lack of trained healthcare workers. In this systematic review, the current situation of the antibiotic resistance issue is discussed by comparing the strategies implemented in developing and developed countries. Following the Global Action Plan by the World Health Organization (WTO) and national strategies of UK, USA, and Australia, some recommendations are given on the basis of national conditions of developing countries. In addition, this journal is composed to remind people of innovative strategy such as educational games or mobile phone applications to tackle the antibiotic.

Biography:

Abbottabad university of science and technology havelian kpk, pakistan

Abstract:

To study the drug susceptibility profile of different microorganism from routine samples of patients causing numerous disease. The aim of study was to decrease morbidity is by giving appropriate antibiotics based on proper knowledge of susceptibility of microorganisms to various antibiotics. The observational study was conducted on different wards of PIMS hospital Islamabad such as OPD, MCH and surgical wards from 6^th February to 6^th march 2015. Data were collected and analyzed in microbiology lab and then identification of different microorganisms and then susceptibility testing to different antibiotics was performed. During the study periods 300 samples were examined I which 180 were positive and 120 were negative, ratio of males and females were 61% and 39% respectively. Most frequently microorganisms found in our study was Klebseilla which was almost 50%. It was found that KP show high sensitivity to levofloxacin that is 86% and show resistivity to CFM that is 34%. E coli was sensitiveIPM that is 86% too. Staph was more sensitive to CN and AK was found more effective against Pseudomonas.

Biography:

Mr.TAYO NGUESSEU THIERRY, Antibiotic resistance genes in natural environments  Specialist  in Africa. Born November 10, 1993 in Bafoussam, he joined the association CLUB KOURONNE in 2014 for the promotion of Antibiotic resistance genes in natural environments  activities for youth peoples in Cameroon. 

Abstract:

Biography:

Alice is currently writing her Theis on Biocontrol of Vibrio cholearae bacteria using bacteriophages to prevent cholera outbreaks in Kenya. She has also been able to isolate Ralstonia solanacearum phages from Kenyan environmental waters that have been used for development of a phage cocktail with other phages isolated from China for biocontrol of potato bacterial wilt. Alice has a  passion and great interest for elimination of foodborne pathogens from the environment . She also workd at Techincal University of Kenya as  Lecturer.

Full name: Alice Nyambura
Contact number:+254733444415

Twitter account:
Linked In account:

Session name/ number:
Category: (Poster presentation)
 

Abstract:

Kenyan republic has suffered from cholera outbreaks for the last decade due to heavy rains, poor sanitation, lack of access to clean, and potable drinking water. Poor communities have no access to safe drinking water. In 2018, March to May long rains were the heaviest in the past 55 years. A total of 5756 cholera cases and 78 deaths were reported. Bacteriophages lytic to Vibrio cholerae can be used for water decontamination as alternatives to antibiotics because it has been resistant to antibiotics.

A total of 140 environmental water samples used for domestic purposes were collected from several regions between March 2015 and May 2018. Vibrio cholerae , E.coli 083, Providentia sneebia, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas were isolated .A total of 15 vibriophages were isolated using plaque assay techniques, purified, amplified, morphology revealed by TEM, 4 phages further sequenced to determine the genome sizes. Results revealed phages belonged to Myoviridae family, similar genome sizes of 148Kb, 4tRNAs; G+C was 36.4%. Isolated phages can be disseminated in environmental water for decontamination.

Biography:

Md. Abdur Rafi is an undergraduate (MBBS) student of Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi, Bangladesh. He is the co-founder of Dhaka Cast, an online platform to support diabetic patients of Bangladesh. He also works in the lab of American Society for Microbiology, Rajshshi University chapter as a research assistant. He has published 2 papers in reputed journals.        
 

Presenting author details
Full name: Md. Abdur Rafi
Contact number: +8801768798318
Twitter account:
 

Abstract:

Urinary tract infection is one of the most common pediatric infections. The present study aims at identifying the causative agents of pediatric UTI and their resistance pattern against different antibiotics as well as rate and determinants of multi drug resistance in northern Bangladesh. In this retrospective study report of culture and sensitivity test of 991 clean-catch mid-stream urine sample from clinically suspected UTI patients, aged between 0 and 17 years, performed in microbiology laboratory of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital by Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method was analyzed. Multivariate analyses were used to identify the determinants of multidrug resistance. 991 suspected culture of urine yielded 261 (26.3%) bacterial growth. Rate of isolation was higher among female (30.2%) than male (19.3), p-value <0.001. Age distribution of isolation was not significant. Escherichia coli was most commonly isolated pathogen (80.1%) followed by Staphylococcus saprophyticus (12.3%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (3.8%). 92.3% of all bacteria were multidrug resistant. In logistic regression, female sex was significantly more susceptible to be affected by MDR pathogens (OR 3.945, p-value <0.01). Both gram positive and gram negative bacteria from different age groups were equally resistant to multi drugs. Both gram negative and positive organisms were highly resistant against most of the third generation cephalosporins, quinolones and aminoglycosides (65 to 100%) except Cefepime and Levofloxacin. Imipenem, meropenem and nitrofurantoin were the most susceptible antibiotics. Rational use of empirical antibiotics based on these evidences is crucial to preserve long term efficacy of the sensitive drugs.

Biography:

Ms. Sirijan Santajit is a Ph.D. (Tropical Medicine) candidate in Mahidol University and my ongoing research project is about the production of human monoclonal single-chain variable fragments (HuscFvs) that can neutralize the biological activities of Exotoxin A and interfering quorum sensing signals in Pseudomonas aeruginosa using phage display technology and the computerized simulation to predict insight into the mechanism of the antibodies render bacterial virulence factors neutralization. In the future, I would like to discovery of the therapeutic proteins and phage display-based therapeutic antibody against virulence determinants of their organisms in order to help patients who suffered from infectious diseases.

Abstract:

Exotoxin A (ETA) is the most potent virulence determinant produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa which is one of the foremost causes of life-threatening nosocomial infections. The ETA catalyzes the ADP-ribosylation of eukaryotic elongation factor-2 halting protein synthesis and leading to mammalian cell death. Engineered single-chain antibodies (HuscFvs) against exotoxin A should raise hope for treatment of the fatal entity. In this study, ETA antigens were used as antigens in the phage bio-panning for selecting phage clones that bound to the respective antigens from a previously constructed HuscFv phage display library. The selected phage clones were transfected to E. coli, grown and induced for HuscFvs expression. HuscFvs in the E. coli lysates were tested for target binding ability. Genes coding for ETA-bound-HuscFvs were sub-cloned for large scale production and tested further for neutralizing activities. Furthermore, the homology modeling and molecular docking of ETA to HuscFvs were also conducted. The ETA bound-HuscFvs were successfully produced. From phage bio-panning, 241 E. coli clones were selected. The 155 clones were carried huscfv gene. The expressed HuscFvs of 37 clones bound to the native ETA. Based on the deduced amino acid sequences and numbering according to the Kabat and Chothia scheme, the HuscFv clones were characterized into 7 different types. The three candidates of the transformed E. coli clones containing genes coding for the target-bound HuscFvs that gave high binding ability were sub-cloned for large scale HuscFv production and the inhibitory activities of HuscFv were successfully investigated for their activities (apoptosis assays) and molecular docking studies.

Biography:

Dr. Nassiri is a former Associate Dean of Global Health at the Michigan State University (MSU).  He also served as MSU director of Institute of International Health.  He is currently Professor of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Professor of Family and Community Medicine, and, lecturer in Global Health, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine.  He currently works on international public health issues relating to infectious diseases and has expertise in global health. He has made contributions in various fields of medical sciences including clinical investigation and health education. On the basis of his extensive experience and expertise in chronic infectious diseases including HIV/AIDS, TB, antimicrobial resistance and human gut microbiome, he has developed clinical research programs in Brazil, Haiti, Dominican Republic and Mexico. He had served as editorial board member for the journal of HIV and AIDS Review.  He is currently on editorial board member for AIDS Patient Care and STDs.  Prof. Nassiri has delivered national and international seminar presentations on tropical medicine, HIV/AIDS, global health and public health interventions in numerous national and international conferences and workshops including antibiotic resistance.  He is internationally recognized for his work in the areas of building effective international partnerships particularly in global health, community health, clinical care capacity building, and technical assistance mechanism. He is the founder of Michigan State University Osteopathic and Primary Health Clinic in Merida, Yucatan, Mexico.

His research interests are Clinical Pharmacology of HIV/AIDS, human gut microbiome, antibiotic resistance, prevention and control of infectious diseases, neglected tropical diseases, community health, global health, socio-ethical determinants of health, and community-based public health interventions.  In collaboration with his Brazilian colleagues, he conducts research in the eastern Brazilian Amazon population on incidence and prevalence of HIV, TB, Hepatitis C, HPV, and antimicrobial resistance.

Abstract:

The cause of Antibiotic resistance (ABR) is complex which requires global solutions.  The decreasing effectiveness of antibiotics in treating common infections has been a challenge worldwide.  The selection pressure caused by millions of tons of antibiotics over decades has resulted an epidemic of ABR disproportionately, especially in those countries where proper antibiotic prescription guidelines lack commitment and enforcement to mitigate the high burden of resistant infections.  

The CDC and WHO surveillance data shows that the resistance in E. coli is generally and consistently the highest for antibacterial agents in both human and veterinary medicine.  With more than 1 billion people travelling each year, bacteria are becoming more mobile.  In the U.S. alone, 2 million infections and 23,000 deaths annually are directly attributable to drug-resistant bacteria.  The ABR can kill 700,000 worldwide each year and it’s been estimated to kill 10 million by 2050.  For example, the WHO estimates 78 million people a year get gonorrhea - there is a widespread resistance to the first-line medicine ciprofloxacin as well as increasing resistance to azithromycin. 

Human behavior plays a significant role in the spread of antibiotic resistant genes.  In addition to the human behavior, the drivers of resistance include agriculture sector, animal husbandry, household and industry – these factors contribute significantly to the spread of the resistant genes within the ecosystem. India is a classic example that is faced with ABR issues.  India’s resistance problem extents some of the highest ABR rates in the world, according to a 2017 report from the government’s Ministry of Science and Technology.  Tests conducted by regional public health departments and health research centers showed that 70% of four bacteria species commonly found in hospital patients were resistant to typical first-line antibiotics.  From 12% to 71%, depending on the bacterial species tested, were also resistant to carbapenems, which once considered the last line of therapy.     

The patterns of ABR to carbapenems are now being recognized – numerous countries reported at least half of E. coli infections resisted both classes of drug, making many urinary tract infections, usually regarded as ineffective.  Countries worldwide reported that half or more of Staphylococcus infections were MRSA.  Community-associated MRSA is now highly prevalent in both hospital and community settings, requiring second-line treatment with glycopeptides, linezolid, or daptomycin. These agents require careful monitoring for adverse effects and have increased treatment costs. Among countries providing S. aureus data, 44% reported MRSA (in proportions of 20% or greater) among their isolates. 

Although China has recently moved on improving judicious use antibiotics in human and veterinary medicine, there is yet a high demand on the animal husbandry and agricultural sectors, which by some studies has reach almost 10,000 tons per year. The high prevalence of the mrc-1 gene in E. Coli samples both in animals and raw meat, with the number of positive-testing samples are public health concerns in China.  Numerous European countries have reported the existence of mrc-1 gene in the isolates from human, isolates from animals used for food, isolates from food, and isolated from the environment. 

Several national and international evidenced-based recommendations exist as action plan for combating ABR.  Most recommendations acknowledge that there is a substantial need to improves surveillance by collecting and sharing resistance information across global networks of laboratories; to step up the development of new antibiotics; to strengthen national drug regulatory authorities on low- and middle-income countries; to conduct public health monitoring of ABR; to avoid unnecessary antibiotics prescription and use (agriculture and food production sectors); to create a sustainable partnership among various health, industry, and regulatory stakeholders; and most importantly, to advocate for the role of world-class research universities to conduct state-of-art research and come up with science-based solutions.        

Biography:

Authors: Dr. Damera Yadaiah, Nodal Ofiicer, SNCU, Nalgonda, Dr. A.V. Srinivas Rao,

Dr. Nithika Ashwini, Dr. R.S.V. Srikrishna, Dr. Sanjeev Upadhyay, UNICEF, Telangana.      

Dr. Srinivas Murki, Fernandez Hospital, Hyderabad.

Abstract:

Misuse of antibiotics is one the most common reason for drug resistant HAI and increased mortality in intensive care units, more so in the neonatal units. There is an urgent need to optimize the use of antibiotics across all neonatal settings. In this study we evaluate the effects of introduction and implementations of an antibiotic prescription form in our unit from September 2018.

Study objective: To evaluate the effect on implementation of antibiotic prescription form in reducing neonatal mortality and hospital duration.

Study design: Before and after observational study

Study Duration: September 2017 to August 2019

Methods:All patients admitted to the special care neonatal unit at Nalgonda district hospital from September 2017 to August 2019were eligible for this study. Data collected included

• Birth weight
• Gestation
• Sex
• Place of delivery
• Asphyxia
• Meconium aspiration syndrome
• Discharge, death, LAMA or referral
• Details of antibiotics

In September 2018, a policy was introduced to improve antibiotic usage and hence a antibiotic prescription form was implemented. Serial one to one training of doctors, nursing staff was done to implement the prescription form and use antibiotics only when needed. CME and workshops were conducted on the role and methods of antibiotic stewardship from September to December 2018. Compliance to use of prescription form was strictly adhered to from January 2019.

Outcomes

• Change in mortality, mortality among VLBW infants and mortality due to sepsis
• Duration of hospital stay
• Relation with antibiotic usage and reduction in mortality
• Reduction in costs due to reduced antibiotic usage and cost saved per patient

Results

During the study a total of 2171 infants were admitted to the SNCU. The figures show the neonatal admissions and relation of antibiotic usage to neonatal mortality. There was a significant reduction in the number and proportion deaths in infants with

• Gestation <34 weeks (45/248, 18.1% Vs. 17/186, 9.14%, p =0.008).
• Birth weight <1500 grams (34/68, 50% Vs. 11/29, 37.9%, p =0.275).
• Death rate in infants with sepsis also reduced with the introduction of antibiotic policy (19/68, 27.9% Vs. 5/29, 17.2%, p =0.263).
• The proportion of infants staying for >24 hours reduced significantly with the introduction of antibiotic policy.
• Significant reduction in the cost to the unit and cost per patient.

Conclusion

Introduction of justification form reduced

Antibiotics usage – 16.6%

Antibiotics usage per patients days – 25.2%

Cost of Antibiotics to the unit – 13.2%   

Average hospital stay – 2.6 days.

One in six patients then, one in 50^th patients now on antibiotics

Cost saved per patients per day Rs 365/- (INR)

Cost of one paper of justification form is negligible, Rs 0.40 paisa (INR)

A simple use of antibiotic prescription form and strict adherence to is likely to reduce antibiotic usage and result in reduction in neonatal mortality and hospital duration.

Biography:

Gladys Pangga has completed her DVM undergraduate programme at her home country (the Philippines) at 21 years of age. She has then finished a masters 2 program at ONIRIS Nantes in France and an international training programme in Food Safety in the University of Ghent in 2019. Currenty, she is enrolled at the Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp which has a collaboration with the University of Pretoria in South Africa, to study a MSc in Tropical Animal Medicine.
 

Presenting author details
Full name:  Gladys Maria Pangga
Contact number: +639061180652
Twitter account: n/a
Linked In account: linkedin.com/in/gmvpangga

Session name/ number:
Category: (Poster presentation)
 

Abstract:

A total of 27 E. coli were isolated from pork samples purchased from various public markets in Laguna. Methods were adapted from the NARMS (2006) protocol and isolates were identified using traditional biochemical methods and confirmed using RapID™ ONE kit (Remel, ThermoFisher, USA). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against against 9 critically important antimicrobials were determined using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI, 2017) broth microdilution procedure using ATCC 25922 as control. Out of the 19 public markets, 17 were positive for presence of E. coli in pork chops. Among the 27 recovered E. coli isolates, two (7.4%) were suspected as E. coli O157:H7. Resistance were most frequently observed in tetracycline (96%) and doxycycline (93%), followed by cephalothin (89%), trimethoprim (89%), ampicillin (78%), chloramphenicol (70%) and ciprofloxacin (48%); whereas fewer resistant isolates were detected against kanamycin (4%) and gentamicin (4%), with MICs ranging from 4-64 µg/ml. All isolates were resistant to at least three antimicrobials indicating a 100% multidrug resistant bacterial population. These results suggest pork is an important reservoir of antimicrobial resistant E. coli exposing the public to potential health hazard which may facilitate dissemination of resistant genes to commensal and enteric bacteria through the food chain.

Keywords: antimicrobial resistance, Escherichia coli, antibiotic sensitivity, minimum inhibitory concentration, broth microdilution, pork